INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER SCIENCE

6. Characteristics of 2nd and 3rd Generation Computers

1.     They used transistors for internal operations. Transistors replaced the vacuum tubes in the 1^st generation computers

2.     Magnetic core memory replaced the magnetic scrums as memory. Increase in main primary memory storage capacity up to 22 kilobytes of ram memory.

3.     They were faster in input and output process

4.     High level programming language e.g. COBOL (common business oriented language), FORTRAN (formula translator) 

5.     Introduction of super computers eg liver more automatic research computer (LABC) and IBM 7030

6.     Magnetic tapes and disks replaced punch cards for exterior storage.

7.     Computer became less expensive.

8.     They generated less heat.

9.     They had increased speed and reliability.

Some of the Computers In The 2^nd Generation

•       LDC  2600

•       UNIVAC-111

•       IBM-1600 Series

•       IBM-1400 Series

3^rd Generation Computers

Characteristics of 3^rd Generation Computers

1.     Use of integrated circuited. They use of integrated circuits replaced transistors of the second generation machines.

2.     The software industry evolves during this time.

3.     Emergence of microcomputers.

4.     Introduction of operating systems.

5.     Simple programming language. e.g. BASIC.

6.     Low costs as compared to the 1^st and 2^nd generation computers.

7.     Increased friendliness

8.     Small in size as compared to the 1^st and 2^nd generation computers. Computers reduced in size.

9.     Increase in memory capacity as compared to the 1^st and 2^nd generation computers.

Generation of less heat as compared to the 1^st and 2^nd generation computers.