Organization & Structure of a Computer System.

4. Memory Hierarchy

Memory Hierarchy

1.     Registers (Fastest, Smallest)

2.     Cache Memory

3.     RAM (Main Memory)

4.     Secondary Storage (Slowest, Largest)

c. Input and Output Devices

1.     Input Devices: Allow users to send data and commands (e.g., keyboard, mouse, scanner).

2.     Output Devices: Display results of computation (e.g., monitor, printer, speakers).

d. System Bus

A system bus facilitates communication between components. It consists of:

1.     Data Bus: Transfers data between components.

2.     Address Bus: Specifies memory addresses for data access.

3.     Control Bus: Sends control signals to direct operations.

SYSTEM BUS AND DATA TRANSFER

A system bus is a communication pathway used to transfer data between computer components.

          Bus:

A bus in a computer system is a communication system that transfers data between components, such as the CPU, memory, and input/output devices. A Computer buses can be in form of wired cables, or electrical wires embedded in the Computer Motherboard PCB (PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD) visible on the rear side of Motherboard. serves as a pathway for electrical signals or data to travel between different parts of the computer.

• Data Bus:
• Address Bus:
• Control Bus:
• Types of Buses:
• System Bus: Connects the CPU to memory.
• I/O Bus: Connects the CPU to peripheral devices.
• Address Bus: Carries addresses.
• Data Bus: Carries data.
• Control Bus: Manages control signals.