Lecture Notes

2. Postpartum Maternal Physiology

2.1 Uterine Involution

• Contraction and regression of uterus to pre-pregnancy size
• Enhanced by oxytocin release during breastfeeding

2.2 Hormonal Changes

• Drop in estrogen and progesterone
• High prolactin in breastfeeding mothers
• Gradual restoration of hypothalamic–pituitary–ovarian (HPO) axis

2.3 Postpartum Fluid and Metabolic Changes

• Mobilization of fat stores
• Diuresis in first days postpartum
• Increased caloric requirements for lactation

2.4 Postpartum Emotional and Psychological Adjustments

• Baby blues (common)
• Postpartum depression (clinical concern)
• Influence of hormonal shifts and sleep disruption