The Influence of Domestic Politics on International Relations

1. Introduction

International relations have traditionally been explained through the interactions of states in an anarchical global system, where power, security, and national interest dominate decision-making. Classical realist theories often treat states as unitary actors, assuming that foreign policy reflects objective national interests rather than internal political dynamics. However, this perspective overlooks a crucial reality: states are governed by domestic political institutions, leaders, interest groups, and public opinion, all of which shape how states behave internationally. Domestic politics plays a significant role in influencing foreign policy choices, diplomatic strategies, and international cooperation or conflict.