Globalization and its impact on international relations.

1. Introduction

Globalization is one of the most important concepts in the study of the international political system. It refers to the increasing interconnectedness and interdependence of countries across the world through trade, communication, technology, migration, and cultural exchange. In international relations (IR), globalization has significantly transformed how states interact, cooperate, and compete.

Traditionally, the international system was state-centric, meaning that sovereign states were the primary actors. However, globalization has expanded this system to include multiple actors and complex interactions that go beyond national borders.