Negative attitude

1. Negative attitude and social vices

Negative Attitudes and Conducts: Cultism, Kidnapping, and Other Related Social Vices

 Definition

Negative attitudes and conducts refer to behaviors, actions, or practices that go against societal norms, values, and ethics, posing threats to national development and peaceful coexistence.They are anti social behaviors that has severe penalties and consequences.

    When negative behaviors are constantly manifested,it becomes a vice.Where other people in the society adopt these behaviors they become social vices.Examples:of negative behaviors:includes,lies,fighting,violence,bullying,slander,cheating,disrespect, envy/jealousy,laziness.e.t.c

Major Social Vices in Nigeria

i. Cultism: Cultism refers to secret organizations or groups,often in educational institutions, with hidden agendas and practices involving rituals, violence, and intimidation.Some of the effects of cultism in our society includes: violence and deaths, Psychological trauma,disruption of academic activities etc 

ii. Kidnapping

This is the unlawful abduction of individuals, typically for ransom or political leverage.It is usually due to

Unemployment,

Poverty,

Weak law enforcement

greed and materialistic mentality 

Effects of kidnapping includes 

• Insecurity

• Decline in investment and tourism

• Trauma for victims and families

Other Social Vices are

-Drug abuse: widespread use of illicit substances and drugs 

-Internet fraud (Yahoo Yahoo): cybercrimes involving deception for financial gain.

-Armed robbery: violent thefts targeting individuals, banks, and businesses with the use of firearms 

-Human trafficking: illegal trade of humans for exploitation.

Re-orientation, Moral and National Values

Value reorientation in Nigeria refers to the effort to promote 

A society with strong values is more l

The 3R’s of National Development are

• Reconstruction: Rebuilding infrastructure and institutions damaged by civil war or conflict.

• Rehabilitation: Restoring displaced individuals and war-affected communities as well as decay social amenities and structures 

• Re-orientation: Changing the mindset and attitudes of citizens towards patriotism and civic responsibility.

2. Strategies for reorientation

Re-orientation Strategies and Programmes by different Governments 

 Operation Feed the Nation (OFN) - 1976

• Initiated by General Olusegun Obasanjo

• Objective: Encourage mass food production and self-sufficiency in agriculture.

Green Revolution - 1980

• Introduced by President Shehu Shagari

• Aimed to boost agriculture with improved farming techniques and equipment.

Austerity Measures - 1980s

• Economic policies to reduce government spending and inflation during economic downturns.

War Against Indiscipline (WAI) - 1984

• Launched by General Muhammadu Buhari

• Focused on restoring order, punctuality, cleanliness, and civic responsibility.

War Against Indiscipline and Corruption (WAIC)

• Expanded version of WAI targeting corruption in public and private sectors.

6)Mass Mobilization for Self-Reliance, Social Justice and Economic Recovery (MAMSER) - 1987

• Initiated by General Ibrahim Babangida

• Aims:

• Enlighten Nigerians on self-reliance and active citizenship

• Promote civic duties, economic recovery, and social justice.

Re-branding Nigeria 

 • initiated by the Goodluck Jonathan Government 

 • it aimed to change the orientation of Nigerian to patronize and using Made in Nigeria goods 

National Orientation Agency (NOA) - 1993

• Responsibilities:

• Promoting patriotism and national unity

• Educating citizens on government policies

• Re-orienting Nigerians toward positive national values

Change begins with me

3. Socio Political and Socio cultural development in Nigeria

 Current Socio-Political and Cultural Developments in Nigeria

a. Socio-Political Developments

• Democratic Governance: Nigeria continues to operate a democratic system with periodic elections; however, challenges include electoral violence, vote buying, and weak institutions.

• Insecurity: Rising incidents of terrorism (Boko Haram), banditry, herder-farmer clashes, and separatist agitations.

• Corruption: Despite anti-corruption campaigns, transparency remains a challenge in public and private sectors.

• Youth Empowerment: Increased focus on entrepreneurship and digital innovation among Nigerian youths.

• Political Awareness: Social media and civic groups have increased youth involvement in political discourse (e.g., #EndSARS movement).

b. Cultural Developments

• Preservation of Heritage: Efforts by NGOs and cultural organizations to promote Nigerian languages, arts, and traditions.

• Cultural Festivals: Events like Osun-Osogbo, Argungu Fishing Festival, and Calabar Carnival celebrate ethnic diversity and attract tourism.

• Media and Entertainment: The rise of Nollywood, Afrobeats (e.g., Burna Boy, Davido), and global recognition of Nigerian creatives.

• Diaspora Influence: Nigerians abroad contribute to cultural exchange and remittances, strengthening the nation’s global identity.