3. Key characteristics of Procedural Programming

3.1. Applications of Procedural Programming

1. System Programming: Procedural languages like C are used for system-level programming, such as writing operating systems, device drivers, and embedded systems.

2. Scientific Computing: Procedural programming can be used in scientific simulations and computations where a linear sequence of steps is involved.

3. Scripting: Many scripting tasks, such as automating routine tasks or processing data, can be efficiently accomplished using procedural programming.

4. Algorithm Development: Developing and testing algorithms, especially those involving numerical computations, can be done effectively using procedural languages.

5. Small-Scale Projects: Procedural programming is well-suited for small-scale projects, prototypes, and tasks that involve simple calculations or data manipulations.

Declarative Programming

Declarative programming specifies what the program should achieve without explicit control flow, leaving implementation to the system.

Core Principles

· Goal-Oriented: Define the desired outcome.

· System-Managed: Execution handled by the system (e.g., database engine).

· Minimal State: Often stateless.

Example (Java with SQL)

Java integrates with SQL via JDBC for declarative database queries.