HISTORICAL FOUNDATIONS OF THE INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL SYSTEM
This module examines the introductory aspect of the course. Being an eye-opener to the students on learning about the formation, nature, and trend of the international political system, the course will familiarize the students with ample information on the subject matter.
3. Emergence of State Sovereignty
3.3. Challenges to Sovereignty in the Modern Era
Despite its endurance, sovereignty has never been absolute. Globalization, human rights norms, and supranational institutions have redefined the boundaries of state authority.
Organizations such as the European Union, international courts, and transnational corporations limit states’ freedom of action. Humanitarian interventions and global governance initiatives challenge the doctrine of non-intervention. Moreover, issues like climate change, migration, and cyber warfare transcend territorial boundaries, demanding cooperative solutions that dilute traditional sovereignty.
Nevertheless, the idea of sovereignty remains central. Even when constrained, states continue to claim it as the basis of legitimacy and identity. The principle endures not because it reflects reality perfectly, but because it provides a framework for order in an interconnected world.