5. RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computing)

c. RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computing)

  • Description: A design philosophy that uses a small, highly optimized set of instructions.
  • Key Features:
    • Simpler hardware, faster execution.
    • Examples: ARM, MIPS, RISC-V.

d. CISC (Complex Instruction Set Computing)

  • Description: A design philosophy that uses a large, complex set of instructions.
  • Key Features:
    • More powerful instructions, but slower execution.
    • Examples: Intel x86, AMD processors.

e. Parallel and Distributed Architectures

  • Description: Systems with multiple processors or computers working together.
  • Key Features:
    • Improved performance through parallel processing.
    • Examples: Multi-core CPUs, GPUs, cloud computing.

 

Modern Trends in Machine Architecture

  1. Multi-Core Processors:
    • CPUs with multiple cores to perform parallel processing.
    • Example: Intel Core i7, AMD Ryzen.