Immediate assistant administred in case of injury or illness by a bystander or other lay person before the arrival of trained medical person.

Is the first and immediate assistant given to a person with either a minor or serious illness or injury, with care provided to preserve life , prevent the condition from worsening, or to promote recoveryuntil medical service arrive. First Aid is generally perform by someone with basic medical tarinning.



In an emmergency , you should call any medical outreach nearer to you, or you call any any emergency number , however inwestern world the number is 911. you specify the condition of the incident (client) and where you are calling from, and what you have done so far.   


Trauma to any of the tissue of the body, especially that coursed by physiccal means and with interruption of continuety. An injury that is exposed because of broken skin. An open wound is at high risk of infection. 


LACERATION (A CUT)--Is a tear wth irregulaar edge and vein bridging. All that is required for cuts is wash with clean water, seek medical care early if you think that the cut may need stiches, a delay may increse the rate of wound infection.

Incission---- a cut through skin or other tissure perform by a health care professional.

Avulsion--- Tearing away, a nerve can be avulted by an injury, or even part of a bone.

Punctured wound--- an injury that is coursed by a pointed objectthat pierses or penetrate the skin . punctured wound carry a danger of TETANUS.


Burns--- A burn is due to the action of dry heat such as flame or contack with a hot object e.g a hot Iron and a sclad is due to moist heat e.g boilling water, Hot tea, steam. Burn may also be coursed by electricity, ultraviolent light or chemical, particularly strong acid, the danger of burn and scald are shocks and infection.

Bruises--- Injury to the soft tissure that result in breakage of the local capilaries and leakage ofred blood cells. In the skin it can be seen as reddish -purple discolaration that dors not blench when pressed. when a bruise fades , it become green and brown , as the body metablizes the blood cellsin the skin. it is best treated with local application of a cold pack. also known as contussion.

TREATMENT---- some form of antiseptic dressing is necessary , also antibiotic, while other areas like the perineal can be expose to dry.


wound healing

Wound heal by different mechanism depending on the conditionof the wound , surgical healing occurs in three (3) phases , first, second and third intention.


First intention healing; wound close aseptically with minimun of tissue destrustion that are properly closed heal withwith little tissue reaction by first intention, granulation tissue is not visible and scar formation is minimal.