Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been studied for decades and is still one of the most elusive subjects in Computer Science.

l The year 1943: Warren McCulloch and Walter pits 1943 proposed a model of artificial neurons.

l The year 1949: Donald Hebb demonstrated modifying the connection strength between neurons. His rule is now called Hebbian learning.

l The year 1950: Alan Turing, an English mathematician, pioneered Machine learning in 1950. Alan Turing proposed a test in his "Computing Machinery and Intelligence" publication. The test, called a Turing test, can check the machine's ability to exhibit intelligent behavior equivalent to human intelligence.

l The period between the 1950s and the 1970s revolved around the research on neural networks; the following three decades (1980s to 2010s) were the development of the applications of Machine Learning.

John McCarthy is widely recognized as the “Father of Artificial Intelligence” due to his astounding contribution and innovations in the field of Computer Science and AI. John McCarthy coined the term “Artificial Intelligence” in his 1955 proposal for the 1956 Dartmouth Summer Research Project, the first artificial intelligence conference, which was a seminal event for artificial intelligence as a field. In his proposal, he stated that the conference was "to proceed on the basis of the conjecture that every aspect of learning or any other feature of intelligence can in principle be so precisely described that a machine can be made to simulate it."

In 1956, for the first time, Artificial Intelligence was coined as an academic field. The researchers thought about ways to make machines more cognizant, and they wanted to lay out a framework to better understand human intelligence. John also paved the way for a few of the world’s technological innovations like programming languages, the Internet, the web, and robots, to name just a few. He invented the first programming language for symbolic computation, LISP, and invented and established time-sharing. Human-level Artificial Intelligence and common-sense reasoning were two of his major contributions.