4. Memory Hierarchy

Memory Hierarchy

1.     Registers (Fastest, Smallest)

2.     Cache Memory

3.     RAM (Main Memory)

4.     Secondary Storage (Slowest, Largest)

c. Input and Output Devices

1.     Input Devices: Allow users to send data and commands (e.g., keyboard, mouse, scanner).

2.     Output Devices: Display results of computation (e.g., monitor, printer, speakers).

d. System Bus

A system bus facilitates communication between components. It consists of:

1.     Data Bus: Transfers data between components.

2.     Address Bus: Specifies memory addresses for data access.

3.     Control Bus: Sends control signals to direct operations.

SYSTEM BUS AND DATA TRANSFER

A system bus is a communication pathway used to transfer data between computer components.

          Bus:

A bus in a computer system is a communication system that transfers data between components, such as the CPU, memory, and input/output devices. A Computer buses can be in form of wired cables, or electrical wires embedded in the Computer Motherboard PCB (PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD) visible on the rear side of Motherboard. serves as a pathway for electrical signals or data to travel between different parts of the computer.

    • Data Bus:
    • Address Bus:
    • Control Bus:
    • Types of Buses:
      • System Bus: Connects the CPU to memory.
      • I/O Bus: Connects the CPU to peripheral devices.
      • Address Bus: Carries addresses.
      • Data Bus: Carries data.
      • Control Bus: Manages control signals.