Networking Devices and Topologies

 Function: Its primary function is to forward data packets (also called frames) to their correct destination device. Unlike a simple hub, which broadcasts data to all connected devices, a switch intelligently learns the MAC address of each device on its ports and only sends the data to the intended recipient. This reduces network traffic and improves efficiency.

    Operation: When a data frame enters a switch, it reads the destination MAC address. It then looks up this address in its internal table (MAC address table) to find the port associated with that address. If it finds a match, it forwards the frame out of that specific port. If the address isn't in its table, it broadcasts the frame to all ports, learns the MAC address of the reply, and updates its table for future use.