Networking Device and Protocols
A network protocol is a standardized set of rules governing how data is formatted, transmitted, received, and interpreted across devices on a network. Think of it as the “language” that ensures different computers can understand each other—even with different hardware or software—and guarantees interoperability
4. Limitations of Hubs
4.1. Comparison with Other Devices
Hub vs. Switch:
Hub: Broadcasts data to all ports (Layer 1, shared collision domain).
Switch: Forwards data only to the intended device using MAC addresses (Layer 2, separate collision domains).
Why Switches Win: Switches are more efficient, support full-duplex, and scale better.
Hub vs. Router:
Hub: Connects devices in a single LAN, broadcasting signals (Layer 1).
Router: Routes packets between networks using IP addresses (Layer 3).
Key Difference: Hubs operate locally; routers connect networks (e.g., LAN to WAN).
Hub vs. Access Point:
Hub: Connects wired devices via Ethernet (Layer 1).
Access Point: Connects wireless devices to a wired network (Layers 1 and 2).
Key Difference: Hubs are wired; access points enable Wi-Fi.