4. Barrier Methods

4.1 Male and Female Condoms

  • Prevent sperm deposition
  • Also protect against STIs and HIV
  • May reduce sensation; require correct use every time

4.2 Diaphragms and Cervical Caps

  • Used with spermicides
  • Lower effectiveness than condoms
  • Require fitting and training

4.3 Spermicides

  • Nonoxynol-9 most common
  • Disrupt sperm motility
  • Frequent use may irritate the vagina