Section outline

  • General

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    • Announcements Forum
    • Course Description Page
      Students must
      Mark as done

      Overall Description of the Course:

      This course offers an in-depth exploration of the endocrine and reproductive systems, focusing on the physiological processes and structures that govern hormonal regulation, sexual differentiation, and reproductive function. Students will examine the major endocrine glands and their roles in maintaining bodily homeostasis, the mechanisms of gametogenesis, menstrual cycle regulation, and the complex processes involved in conception, pregnancy, and childbirth. The course also emphasizes clinical correlations and physical examination skills necessary to assess the structure and function of these systems.

  • Module 1: Introduction to the Endocrine System

    • Chapter 1: Overview of the Endocrine System Book
      Students must
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      Learning Objectives:

      • Define the endocrine system and describe its major functions.
      • Differentiate between endocrine and exocrine glands.
      • Explain the role of hormones in maintaining homeostasis

    • End of Moodle Quiz (Self-Check)
      Students must
      Mark as done

      This end-of-module quiz assesses your understanding of the structure, function, and mechanisms of endocrine control. Questions emphasize the integration of hormonal regulation with physiological responses, clinical scenarios involving endocrine disorders, and the application of key principles in hormone signaling. You are expected to select the single best answer for each question.

      MAKE SURE YOU HAVE DATA and A LOCATION WITH NETWORK

  • Module 2

    • Pancreatic Islet and Hormonal Control of Metabolism Book

      This module explores the structure and function of the pancreatic islets and their critical role in regulating metabolism. It focuses on the secretion and actions of key hormones such as insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin, and how they maintain glucose homeostasis. Students will examine the mechanisms of hormonal control of carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism, as well as the pathophysiological consequences of endocrine imbalances such as diabetes mellitus and hypoglycemia.

      Not available unless: The activity End of Moodle Quiz (Self-Check) is marked complete
    • Lifestyle Modification and Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Forum
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      Mark as done

      Discussion Prompt:
      Type 2 diabetes mellitus is largely preventable through lifestyle changes that promote healthy metabolism and glucose regulation.

      Task:
      Discuss lifestyle changes that can help prevent type 2 diabetes mellitus. Support your discussion with at least one practical example or observation from your community (e.g., diet, physical activity, cultural habits, or community health initiatives).

      You are encouraged to:

      • Reflect on local dietary patterns or lifestyle factors.
      • Provide evidence-based suggestions (linking to what you learned in this module).
      • Respond constructively to at least one other student’s post to promote peer learning.

      Submission guidelines:

      • Your initial post should be about 150–200 words.
      • Reply to at least one peer with a meaningful comment or question.
      • Avoid plagiarism; use your own words.

  • Module 3

    • Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland Book
      Students must
      Mark as done

      Learning Objectives:

      • Describe the location and anatomy of the hypothalamus and pituitary.
      • Explain the functional relationship between the two structures.

    • End of Module 3 Quiz

      This end-of-module quiz assesses your understanding of the structure, functions, and regulatory mechanisms of the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. It evaluates your ability to explain how hypothalamic hormones control anterior and posterior pituitary secretions, integrate feedback mechanisms, and apply this knowledge to clinical and physiological scenarios involving endocrine regulation.

      Instructions:

      • Answer all questions carefully; select the single best answer for each item.

      • Some questions are based on brief clinical or problem-based scenarios.

      • You will have one attempt to complete the quiz within the allotted time.

      • The quiz contributes to your continuous assessment grade for this module.

      • Ensure a stable internet connection before beginning.

      • IF YOU BLOCK YOUR WEBCAM DURING THE QUIZ, YOUR QUIZ WILL BE CANCELLED.


  • Module 4

    • Thyroid and Adrenal Glands Book
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      The thyroid and adrenal glands are two essential endocrine organs that regulate a wide range of physiological processes crucial for survival, growth, metabolism, and adaptation to stress.
      While the thyroid gland primarily controls the rate of energy metabolism and protein synthesis, the adrenal glands coordinate the body’s stress response, electrolyte balance, and metabolic adjustments through hormonal secretion.
      Together, they exemplify how the endocrine system maintains homeostasis through finely tuned hormonal interactions and feedback control mechanisms

    • Hormonal Regulation and the Stress Response Forum

      This forum provides an opportunity to reflect on the physiological and clinical relevance of adrenal cortex hormone regulation, particularly how the body responds to stress through the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis.

      Prompt:

      Reflect on how chronic stress can alter adrenal hormone balance and impact overall health.

      In your post, briefly discuss:

      • One way prolonged stress affects cortisol or aldosterone secretion.
      • A real or hypothetical example of how this imbalance might present in everyday life or in a clinical scenario.
      • One lifestyle or behavioral strategy that could help restore hormonal balance.

      You are encouraged to connect your ideas to what you learned in this module and to respond constructively to at least one peer’s post by offering feedback, asking questions, or sharing related examples.

      Guidelines:

      • Make your post clear, concise, and reflective (about 150–200 words).
      • Respond to at least one other student to promote collaborative learning.
      • Use appropriate academic language and respect diverse perspectives.

      Not available unless: The activity Thyroid and Adrenal Glands is marked complete

  • Module 5

    • Sexual Differentiation and Gametogenesis Book
      Students must
      Mark as done

      This module introduces the fundamental physiological processes underlying sexual differentiation and gametogenesis—the formation and maturation of male and female gametes. It explores how genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors influence sexual development from the embryonic stage to reproductive maturity.

      Students will gain an understanding of the mechanisms that determine sex, the development of the gonads and internal/external genitalia, and the cyclical processes of spermatogenesis and oogenesis that sustain fertility. The module also highlights the endocrine regulation of these processes and their clinical correlations, such as disorders of sexual development and infertility.

      By integrating molecular, anatomical, and physiological perspectives, this topic forms the foundation for understanding human reproductive endocrinology and the physiological basis of reproduction.

    • Lecture Notes: Sexual Differentiation, Sex Determination, and Gametogenesis Book

  • Module 6

    • Male and Female Reproductive Physiology Page
      Students must
      Mark as done

      This module provides an in-depth exploration of the physiological processes governing human reproduction in both males and females. It focuses on the structure and function of the reproductive organs, the hormonal control of reproductive cycles, and the mechanisms that ensure fertility, conception, and maintenance of pregnancy.

    • Lecture Notes on Male and Female Reproductive Physiology Book

  • Module 7

    • Fertilization, Pregnancy, and Birth Page
      Students must
      Mark as done

      This module explores the physiological processes that sustain human reproduction from fertilization to childbirth. It provides an integrated understanding of how male and female gametes unite to form a zygote, how the embryo implants and develops, and how maternal systems adapt to support fetal growth throughout pregnancy.

      Students will study the endocrine regulation of pregnancy, the placenta’s role in hormone production and nutrient exchange, and the mechanisms that trigger parturition and lactation. The topic also highlights key maternal physiological changes in the cardiovascular, respiratory, and metabolic systems during gestation, as well as the neuroendocrine control of labor and milk secretion.

      Through a combination of conceptual understanding and clinical correlation, this module connects fundamental physiology to obstetric practice, emphasizing maternal–fetal health and safe childbirth.


    • Lecture NOTES Book

  • Module 9

    • Lactation and Postpartum Physiology Page
      Students must
      Mark as done

      This module examines the physiological processes that occur in the mother following childbirth, with a primary focus on lactation, maternal recovery, and the hormonal regulation of postpartum changes. It explores the initiation, maintenance, and regulation of milk production and ejection, emphasizing the coordinated actions of prolactin and oxytocin within the hypothalamic–pituitary axis.

      Students will also study the anatomy and function of the mammary glands, the neuroendocrine reflexes involved in breastfeeding, and the maternal physiological adjustments in the reproductive, cardiovascular, and endocrine systems during the postpartum period.

      The module highlights the clinical importance of breastfeeding, including its nutritional, immunological, and psychological benefits for both mother and infant, and addresses common challenges such as lactation failure and postpartum hormonal imbalances.

    • Lecture Notes Book

  • Module 10

    • Contraception and Sexual Health Page
      Students must
      Mark as done

      This module provides a comprehensive overview of the physiological, hormonal, and behavioral foundations of contraception and the principles of sexual health. It explores how various contraceptive methods act on reproductive physiology to prevent fertilization or implantation, including hormonal, barrier, intrauterine, and natural methods.

      Students will learn the mechanisms of action, efficacy, advantages, and limitations of different contraceptives, as well as the ethical, cultural, and public health dimensions of family planning. The module also addresses sexual health promotion, focusing on the prevention and management of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), fertility awareness, and responsible reproductive behavior.

      Emphasis is placed on integrating biological knowledge with clinical and community health practice, preparing learners to contribute effectively to sexual and reproductive health education and advocacy.

    • LECTURE NOTES Book

      • ONLINE LECTURE

        • Online Lecture: Ovarian and Menstrual Cycle, and Physiology of Pregnancy URL

          Students are hereby informed that an online lecture on Regulation of the Ovarian and Menstrual Cycle, Pregnancy and Parturition has been scheduled as follows:

          Important Guidelines for Students

          1. Ensure your device (phone, tablet, or laptop) is fully charged or has sufficient battery power to last at least 1 hour 30 minutes.

          2. Make sure you have stable and reliable internet connectivity throughout the lecture period.

          3. Join the Google Meet session at least 5–10 minutes before the scheduled time to avoid delays.

          4. Sit in a quiet and distraction-free environment to enhance concentration and participation.

          5. Keep your notebook and writing materials ready for note-taking.

          6. Students are encouraged to be attentive and interactive, as questions and discussions may be included during the session.

          Attendance and active participation are expected of all students.

  • END OF COURSE TEST

    • FINAL CAT Quiz

      General Instructions

      • This examination is online and proctored. Your photo will be taken at the start and during the exam.
      • Ensure you are in a quiet, well-lit location with stable internet connectivity.
      • Your face must be clearly visible at all times. No face coverings, head covering (females only), or  medicated eye glasses are allowed.
      • You are required to upload your NUM student ID. your are advised to store this ID in your device before the exam.
      • Talking, unnecessary movement, closing your eyes for long periods, or leaving the exam screen are not permitted.
      • The system allows only three (3) warnings. On the third warning, you will be automatically logged out and cannot continue.
      • Students are responsible for their device, camera, and internet connection. Technical issues will not be accepted as excuses.
      • Starting the exam means you agree to these conditions and to uphold academic integrity.

      Proceed only if you fully comply with these requirements.

  • FINAL CAT-2

    • CAT-2 Quiz

      Many of you reported difficulties logging in to the test scheduled for 11:00 a.m. earlier today. I hope you have learned from the issues that prevented you from writing the test.

      The current CAT is being administered to give everyone another opportunity to complete the assessment.

      Please adhere to the following instructions carefully:

      1. This examination is online and proctored. Your photo will be taken at the start of the exam and at intervals during the exam.

      2. Ensure that you are in a quiet, well-lit location with a stable internet connection.

      3. Your face must be clearly visible at all times. No face coverings, head coverings (except for females where applicable), or medicated eyeglasses are allowed.

      4. Talking, unnecessary movement, closing your eyes for extended periods, or leaving the exam screen are strictly prohibited.

      5. The system allows only three (3) warnings. Upon receiving the third warning, you will be automatically logged out and will not be allowed to continue.

      6. Students are fully responsible for their device, camera, and internet connection. Technical issues will not be accepted as valid excuses.

      7. By starting the exam, you agree to these conditions and commit to upholding academic integrity.