Context and Relevance

Understanding lactation and postpartum physiology is essential for students in health sciences, nursing, and midwifery, as it bridges foundational physiology with maternal and neonatal care.

Knowledge from this module supports effective postnatal counseling, breastfeeding management, and early detection of postpartum disorders such as depression, hemorrhage, and thyroid dysfunction.

By linking hormonal mechanisms to clinical applications, the module promotes an integrated approach to maternal health, infant nutrition, and family well-being.

Learning Objectives

By the end of this module, students should be able to:

  1. Describe the anatomy and functional development of the mammary glands.
  2. Explain the hormonal control of lactation, including the roles of prolactin and oxytocin.
  3. Outline the processes of milk synthesis, secretion, and ejection.
  4. Discuss the neuroendocrine reflexes involved in breastfeeding.
  5. Identify key maternal physiological changes during the postpartum period, including uterine involution and hormonal adjustments.
  6. Explain the benefits of breastfeeding for maternal and infant health.
  7. Recognize common postpartum physiological and hormonal disorders and their management principles.
  8. Relate the physiological basis of lactation to clinical and public health promotion of exclusive breastfeeding.