Section outline

    • This module examines the physiological processes that occur in the mother following childbirth, with a primary focus on lactation, maternal recovery, and the hormonal regulation of postpartum changes. It explores the initiation, maintenance, and regulation of milk production and ejection, emphasizing the coordinated actions of prolactin and oxytocin within the hypothalamic–pituitary axis.

      Students will also study the anatomy and function of the mammary glands, the neuroendocrine reflexes involved in breastfeeding, and the maternal physiological adjustments in the reproductive, cardiovascular, and endocrine systems during the postpartum period.

      The module highlights the clinical importance of breastfeeding, including its nutritional, immunological, and psychological benefits for both mother and infant, and addresses common challenges such as lactation failure and postpartum hormonal imbalances.