3. Female Reproductive Anatomy

3.1 External Genitalia

  • Vulva, labia majora, labia minora, clitoris (homologous to male penis), vestibule.

2.2 Internal Structures

  • Ovaries: oogenesis & hormone production (estrogens, progesterone and inhibin).
  • Fallopian tubes: fertilization site.
  • Uterus: implantation and fetal development.
  • Cervix: mucus plug, sperm transport.
  • Vagina: birth canal, sexual intercourse.

2.3 Ovarian Follicles

  • Primordial → primary → secondary → antral → Graafian follicles.
  • Each contains an oocyte + granulosa + theca cells.

2.4 Female Sexual Response

Arousal

  • Parasympathetic → increased blood flow → clitoral erection, lubrication.

Orgasm

  • Rhythmic contractions of pelvic muscles.
  • No refractory period (unlike males).

2.5 Clinical Note

  • Sexual dysfunction may be hormonal, psychological, neurological, or vascular.