6. Factors Affecting Fertility

1.1 Female Factors

  • Age (most significant factor)
  • Ovulatory disorders (PCOS, thyroid dysfunction)
  • Tubal blockage
  • Endometriosis
  • Uterine abnormalities

1.2 Male Factors

  • Low sperm count
  • Poor motility or morphology
  • Varicocele
  • Hormonal disorders

1.3 Lifestyle Influences

  • Smoking, alcohol, obesity
  • Stress
  • Exercise extremes
  • Poor diet
  • Exposure to environmental toxins