Section outline

  • General

    Collapse all Expand all

  • INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

    • INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIC CHEMISTRY Page
      Students must
      Mark as done

      Organic Chemistry is the study of compounds of carbon occurring naturally. These exclude the oxides of carbon and trioxocarbonate (iv) compounds, classified as inorganic compounds.

  • HISTORY OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

    ·         Early ideas about organic compounds were rooted in vitalism, the belief that organic substances were endowed with a "vital force" that distinguished them from inorganic compounds. organic substances were endowed with a "vital force" that distinguished them from inorganic compounds. It was thought that living organisms had a special force that could produce organic compounds.

    • HISTORY OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY Page
      Students must
      Mark as done

      HISTORY OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

          Vitalism (17th-18th centuries):

      ·         Early ideas about organic compounds were rooted in vitalism, the belief that organic substances were endowed with a "vital force" that distinguished them from inorganic compounds. organic substances were endowed with a "vital force" that distinguished them from inorganic compounds. It was thought that living organisms had a special force that could produce organic compounds.

  • CARBON

    CARBON

    1. Chemical Element: Carbon is a chemical element with the symbol C and atomic number 6. It is a non-metal and is the fourth-most abundant element in the universe by mass. Carbon is the basic building block of life on Earth and is a key component of organic compounds.
    2. Material: "Carbon" is often used to refer to materials that primarily consist of carbon atoms. For example:
      • Carbon Fiber: A strong, lightweight material made from carbon atoms. It is commonly used in aerospace, automotive, and other high-performance applications.
      • Activated Carbon: A form of carbon with a large surface area, often used for adsorption of impurities in gases or liquids.
      • Carbon Black: A fine black powder used as a pigment in inks and paints and as a reinforcing agent in rubber products.
    3. Greenhouse Gas: "Carbon" is sometimes used informally to refer to carbon dioxide (CO2), a greenhouse gas responsible for climate change. In this context, discussions about reducing carbon emissions often mean reducing the release of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases into the atmosphere.
    4. Informal Term: In everyday language, people might use the term "carbon" in a more general sense to refer to anything related to carbon compounds, climate change, or environmental issues.
    • CARBON Page
      Students must
      Mark as done

      CARBON

      1. Chemical Element: Carbon is a chemical element with the symbol C and atomic number 6. It is a non-metal and is the fourth-most abundant element in the universe by mass. Carbon is the basic building block of life on Earth and is a key component of organic compounds.
      2. Material: "Carbon" is often used to refer to materials that primarily consist of carbon atoms. For example:
        • Carbon Fiber: A strong, lightweight material made from carbon atoms. It is commonly used in aerospace, automotive, and other high-performance applications.
        • Activated Carbon: A form of carbon with a large surface area, often used for adsorption of impurities in gases or liquids.
        • Carbon Black: A fine black powder used as a pigment in inks and paints and as a reinforcing agent in rubber products.
      3. Greenhouse Gas: "Carbon" is sometimes used informally to refer to carbon dioxide (CO2), a greenhouse gas responsible for climate change. In this context, discussions about reducing carbon emissions often mean reducing the release of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases into the atmosphere.

      Informal Term: In everyday language, people might use the term "carbon" in a more general sense to refer to anything related to carbon compounds, climate change, or environmental issues

  • FULLERENES

    • Fullerenes as an Allotrope of Carbon Page
      Students must
      Mark as done

      Fullerenes are a relatively recent discovery in the family of carbon allotropes. They are a molecular form of carbon where the atoms are arranged in the shape of a hollow sphere, ellipsoid, or tube. The most famous fullerene is C₆₀, also known as Buckminsterfullerene or simply Buckyball.

  • The Homologous Series

    A family of organic compounds with the same functional group is called homologous series. Members in a series are called homologs. The study of organic chemistry becomes simplified when examined according to their functional groups.

    • The Homologous Series Page
      Students must
      Mark as done

      A family of organic compounds with the same functional group is called homologous series. Members in a series are called homologs. The study of organic chemistry becomes simplified when examined according to their functional groups.

  • Carbon and Chaos ( CHM 102 First QUIZ)

  • ELECTRONIC THEORY IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

    INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRONIC THEORY IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

    Organic chemistry deals mainly with carbon compounds, but the real driving force behind all organic reactions is the behavior of electrons

  • The Curious Case of Carbon and Company (CHM 102 Second Quiz)

  • PURIFICATION OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

    • PURIFICATION OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS Page
      Students must
      Mark as done

      The purification of organic compounds is necessary, though a complex step after its extraction from a natural source or synthesis in the laboratory.  The method of purification of the organic compound depends mainly on the nature of the compound and the impurities present.

      One easy method to check the purity of an organic compound is to either melt or boil it, as organic compounds tend to have sharp melting and boiling points.


    • QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS Book

      Quantitative analysis is an analysis method used to determine the number of elements or molecules produced during a chemical reaction.  Organic compounds comprise carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulphur and halogens. The various methods used for the measurement of the percentage composition of elements in an organic compound are explained here

    • QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS Page

      Quantitative analysis is an analysis method used to determine the number of elements or molecules produced during a chemical reaction.  Organic compounds comprise carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulphur and halogens. The various methods used for the measurement of the percentage composition of elements in an organic compound are explained here

    • NOMENCLATURE AND FUNCTIONAL GROUP CLASSES Book

      Organic chemistry is the study of carbon-containing compounds, which make up the foundation of life and countless materials we use daily. The sheer diversity of organic molecules makes it essential to have a systematic way of naming compounds — this is where nomenclature comes in.

    • NOMENCLATURE AND FUNCTIONAL GROUP CLASSES Page

      Organic chemistry is the study of carbon-containing compounds, which make up the foundation of life and countless materials we use daily. The sheer diversity of organic molecules makes it essential to have a systematic way of naming compounds — this is where nomenclature comes in.

    • THE NOMENCLATURE OF COMPOUNDS OF ALKANOLS (ALCOHOLS) Book
      • Alkanols, commonly called alcohols, are organic compounds with one or more hydroxyl groups (–OH) bonded to saturated carbon atoms (sp³-hybridized).
      • Alcohols are one of the most important functional groups in organic chemistry — found in everything from beverages to antiseptics to fuels.
    • THE NOMENCLATURE OF COMPOUNDS OF ALKANOLS (ALCOHOLS) Page
      • Alkanols, commonly called alcohols, are organic compounds with one or more hydroxyl groups (–OH) bonded to saturated carbon atoms (sp³-hybridized).
      • Alcohols are one of the most important functional groups in organic chemistry — found in everything from beverages to antiseptics to fuels.
    • IUPAC Nomenclature of Alkanoic Acids (Carboxylic Acids) Book
      • Carboxylic acids are organic compounds containing the carboxyl group (–COOH).
      • Their systematic IUPAC names end in –oic acid, derived from the longest chain containing the –COOH group.

      Carboxylic acids are a very important functional group in organic chemistry, found in many natural and synthetic compounds

  • CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

  • REACTION MECCHANISM

  • COMPERATIVE STUDIES OF METALS (Group 1,2, and 3)

  • TRANSITION METALS

  • Organic Chemistry: The Final Suffering (But You Will Survive)